Abstract：Based on the comprehensive study of the social and economic situation, urbanization development level and resources and environment conditions of 83 countries and regions along "Belt and Road" Initiative, this report analyzes the ecological environment characteristics of "Belt and Road" Initiative including six economic corridors, and applies PSR model (i.e., Pressure-State-Responses model) to construct an evaluation index system, and comprehensively evaluates the ecological security status and SWOT characteristics of the countries along "Belt and Road" Initiative. The countermeasures and suggestions of "Belt and Road" Initiative global environmental co-governance and ecological security are put forward from four aspects, i.e., (1) To carry out the top-level planning and design, and to construct the Global Environmental Co-governance and Ecological Security Alliance for "Belt and Road” Initiative; (2) To develop the technology research and integration demonstration; (3) To promote the development of 6G green low carbonization with the participation of multiple subjects, and take the whole life cycle evaluation theory (LCA) as the guide, strengthen the environmental wisdom management of the ecological industry park; (4) An international cooperation proposal for " Belt and Road” Initiative global environmental co-governance and ecological restoration demonstration project -- by taking the Aral Sea ecological restoration as an example. The report concludes that global environmental co-governance and ecological security should be an important theme of "Belt and Road” Initiative green development and an important guarantee and foundation to realize "Belt and Road" international cooperation. It will be benefit to promote the win-win of economic and social development and environmental protection, and achieve the overall goal of building a community of interests, responsibility and ecological destiny.