Purpose – The core of the micro–macro paradigm of mainstream Western economics is the assumption that a rational economic man with complete freedom of economic behaviors living in a fully competitive, free-market economy pursues maximum personal benefits. The purpose of this paper is to show the reasons for failure of mainstream Western economics e...

As BRICS advances into its second decade of existence, it transitions from a multilateral alignment to bilateral arrangements among the five members. This ‘bi-lateralization’ of BRICS expands the ‘menu’ of the BRICS ‘multilateralism à la carte’ by allowing members to limit cooperation when their interests diverge and to benefit from collective acti...

To achieve complete poverty alleviation, the improvement of infrastructure and living conditions is fundamental. Promoting the flow of factors through infrastructure investment, thereby reducing the income gap among residents, has become an important focus of poverty alleviation. Because of the high amount of investment in transportation infras...

This book seeks to account for the long-term stability of traditional East Asia Order (from around the first century to early 20th century), and explain that the historical evolution of the East Asia order is inextricably linked with the changes in Lizhi.

The year 2019 marks the seventh anniversary of Shinzo Abe’s return to office, alongside the administration’s obsession with Constitutional amendment. During the 25th House of Councillors selection in July, Prime Minister Abe changed the rules applied for the four national elections in 2012, wrote the Self-Defense Forces into the Constitution and t...

Social governance is pluralistic, organically unified and people-oriented The annual meetings of China’s national legislature and top political advisory body were wrapped up in May with people-centric plans to create jobs and help businesses. China’s approach to address problems including those triggered by the novel coronavirus pandemic is people-...